Learn Network Administration

How To Share a Folder Through SAMBA

Create a folder to share

# cd /
# mkdir data → folder name

Sharing the folder using SAMBA

# nano /etc/samba/smb.conf

** Go to end of file to new line and type following

[my data share] → Share name
path = /data → folder to share
public = yes → any SAMBA user can access the folder
writable = yes → all SAMBA users can write in to the folder

Reload the service

# service smb reload

Although we have given writable SAMBA permissions to all SAMBA users want to be able to write in to it from windows . Unless we change ext3 file folder permission.

# cd /
# ls -ld data → folder name
# chmod 757 data → normal way
# ls -ld data

Configuring a Windows File Server (SAMBA Server)

What is SAMBA Server?
Samba is an implementation of a Common Internet File System (CIFS, also known as SMB) protocol server that can be run on almost every variant of Unix in existence.

Microsoft clients will use this protocol to access files and printers located on your Unix
box just as if it were a native Windows server.

Samba is an open source project, just like the Linux kernel (a Unix-like operating system
for PCs). The source code, written in C, is always available to you to explore, test, or
change. And it’s free!

The implication of these items is that Samba is being installed in more and more server
rooms in order to provide file and print services to Microsoft Windows clients without
installing a Windows NT/2000 Server or any other CIFS server.

STEPS

Check the RPM - # rpm -q samba

Set the SAMBA work group name according to windows work group or domain name

# nano /etc/samba/smb.conf

* press Ctrl+W & find the word mygroup.
* Remove mygroup and type windows work group name or domain name.
* Save & Exit

Start the SAMBA Service

# service smb start
# chkconfig smb on

Now you will be able to see the SAMBA Server through My Network Places in windows, but to access the SAMBA server. We have to have windows compatible user accounts in Linux. That is also known as SAMBA user accounts.

* You must have a Linux user accounts.
* The Linux server accounts you can convert to SAMBA.

# smbpasswd -a user1 → (user name)

New Password → Give windows compatible password

Now users can access their Linux Home folder through Windows. Because by default the User's Home Folder will be automatically shared, when we add the user to SAMBA.

Download SAMBA RPM - http://samba.xsec.it/

File / Folder Searching Commands

To locate all data (personal / system data)

# locate objectname

Example: #locate splash.xpm.gz

# locate splash

# find location search parameter object name
# find / -name 'splash.xpm.gz' or # find / -name 'splash*'

To locate system data only

# whereis system file name

Example: #whereis inittab

# which system command name

Example: #which mount

How to Mount Storage Devices in Linux

Mounting a Rom Drive (CD/DVD/CD-RW/DVD-RW)

Create a mount point - empty folder to load the data structure of a Storage Device.

# mkdir /media/mycd → (mount point name)
# ls /media

Mounting

Put the CD in to ROM Drive

# mount /dev/cdrom /media/mycd
# cd /media/mycd
# ls -l

To take out the CD (Eject)
# eject
# eject -t

Mounting the FDD

Create a mount point

# mkdir /media/myfdd → (mount point name)

Mounting

Put the Floppy in to the FDD

# mount /dev/floppy /media/myfdd
# cd /media/myfdd
# ls -l

Before you take the floppy out

# unmount /media/myfdd

Mounting a USB Storage Device

Once you fix the USB Drive, It will be automatically detected as a SCSI Storage Device.
Example : dev/sda

Create a mount point

# mkdir /media/myusb → (mount point name)
# ls /media

Mount

# mount /dev/sda1 /media/myusb
# cd /media/myusb
# ls -l

before you unplug the USB Drive

# unmount /media/myusb

Linux Basic Commands

Commands

BASH Commands (Shell Commands)
Application Commands

sbin → System Binary
bin → Binary

* To see shell commands, type (help)
** ¦ more → fit the output to screen
Ex: help ¦ more

* To see Shell and Application Commands.
** Login as root and press Tab key Three times.

* How to check commands (Is it Shell or Application command)
** type -a command name
Ex: type -a logout

* How to see details of commands (Shell Description)
** whatis command name
Ex: whatis cal

Long Description
man command name → Ex: man cal

Directory Browsing and listing Commands

■ To see the current location of a user

Command → pwd (Print Working Directory)

■ To see the contents of current folder

Command → ls or tree

■ object color codes (files and folders)

White → text base files
Dark blue → folders
Green → executable file (or any file to copied from Windows to Linux)
Purple → multimedia files
Orange → device driver files
Red → compressed files
Light Blue → short cuts

Object Rename

command → mv
Syntax → mv_current_object name_new object name
Ex: mv folder1 folder2

Moving Objects

command → mv
Syntax → mv_object name_new location name
Ex: mv folder1 /home

Deleting Objects

command → rm
Syntax → rm_-r_object name
Ex: rm -r folder

CentOS Installing

About CentOS ( Community Enterprise O/S )

The CentOS Project
The CentOS Project is the name of the Organization that produces CentOS. They are not a part of any other organization.

Step - 1

The installation procedure is typical RedHat, simple and straightforward. Boot your computer from the CentOS 5 CD 1 or DVD and press Enter on the CentOS 5 boot up screen. This will install CentOS 5 in graphical mode.

Step - 2

Choose Skip in the CD Found window. This will skip the CD media test. If you click on the OK, You will have the option to check the media for defects and errors before installing. Not a bad idea, in general.

Step - 3

After a short time, the installation will begin. Click Next to go forward.

Step - 4

Choose a language and click Next.

Step - 5

Choose a keyboard Layout for the system and click Next.

Step - 6

This Step you must do carefully. Click Next and answer Yes on the Warning window.

Minimum Partitions for installing Linux

Swap Partition - to improve performance of the O/S (Virtual Memory)
Root Partition (/) - to keep the boot files and Linux kernel, to install the O/S, to install application software, to keep personal data.

Creating Minimum Partitions
»» Creating a SWAP partition
- No Mount Point

New → Select SWAP as a file system → Select partition Size

If your RAM in the PC less than 2GB, give the SWAP 2 times of your RAM capacity (Ex: 512MB RAM → 512 × 2 = 1GB)

Since we are only going to create minimum partitions. We can give the rest of the Hard Disk Drive space to the root partition.

»» Create Root partition
- / (root) mount point

New → select / (root) as a mount point → select ext3 as file system type → select partition size